In Costa Rica, several legal instruments are available for the transfer of real estate property after death. These instruments ensure that property is distributed according to the deceased’s wishes or, in the absence of specific instructions, according to legal guidelines.

There are different legal instruments for the transfer of real estate property. However, when talking about the transfer of property after death, we need to focus on the instruments that are valid for stating the last will of a person.

The main instrument for transferring real or personal property in Costa Rica is through the creation of a will or testament. This is a solemn document regulated by the Civil Code of Costa Rica and comes in different categories depending on the testator’s decision on how to draft it.

Mainly, we find two types of wills:

  1. Open Will: Executed before a notary public.
  2. Closed or Sealed Will: Has a different nature than the open will before a notary public.

Main Legal Instruments Available in Costa Rica for the Transfer of Real Estate Property After Death:

Will

A will is a legal document that allows an individual to specify how their property should be distributed after death. The interested part draft the will with the help of a notary or lawyer and upon death, the will is presented to a Court for validation and execution.

Types of Wills:

  • Open Will: Written and signed in the presence of a notary and three witnesses.
  • Closed Will: Written by the testator, signed, sealed, and delivered to a notary in the presence of witnesses.

Intestate Succession

If a person dies without a will, the estate is distributed according to intestate succession laws. Heirs file for intestate succession in probate court, and the court identifies legal heirs based on Costa Rican inheritance laws. Property is distributed among the heirs according to predetermined legal shares.

Trust

A trust can be established to manage and transfer property after death.

Actors:

  • Trustor: Person creating the trust.
  • Trustee: Entity or person managing the trust.
  • Beneficiaries: Individuals who will benefit from the trust.

The trustor creates the trust agreement, specifying terms and beneficiaries. Property is transferred to the trustee. Upon the trustor’s death, the trustee distributes the property according to the trust agreement.

What are the inheritance laws in Costa Rica?

In Costa Rica, inheritance laws allow for the transfer of property through various legal instruments, primarily wills, intestate succession, and trusts. A will is the most common tool, enabling individuals to specify how their property should be distributed after death, with open wills (witnessed by a notary and three witnesses) and closed wills (sealed and handed to a notary) being the two main types. If no will exists, intestate succession applies, where the estate is distributed according to legal heirs determined by Costa Rican law.

Trusts can also be used to manage and transfer property, ensuring that assets are distributed as per the trustor’s wishes. Consulting with your LX Costa Rica agent and a legal professional is recommended to ensure compliance with Costa Rican legal standards with regards to the legal process for your property.

Each instrument has specific legal requirements and implications. Consulting with a lawyer or notary familiar with Costa Rican law can ensure the chosen instrument aligns with the individual’s wishes and legal standards.

General content provided by Javier Sauma from Sauma Rossi Law. Edited by LX Team.

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