A trust agreement can be used in Costa Rica to buy or sell real estate (transfer ownership of a property).  Using the legal structure of a trust can be helpful for both sellers and buyers in Costa Rica.  The trust is a legal arrangement where one party, known as the trustee, holds and manages property or assets for the benefit of another party, known as the beneficiary. The person who creates the trust is called the grantor or trustor. In the case of buying and selling real estate in Costa Rica, trusts can be used for various purposes including estate planning, managing assets, and ensuring efficient property transfer upon death or incapacitation.

 

A trust agreement is a legal structure that originates from common law jurisdictions. It is not typically part of civil law regulations, although we have implemented this structure in Costa Rica. It is regulated by the Commerce Code of Costa Rica.

A trust agreement is a private contract that always involves at least three parties:

The Trustee: This is the person in charge of handling or overseeing the assets that are subject to the trust.
The Trustor: This is the person who places the assets into the trust.
The Beneficiary: This is the person who receives the benefits or conditions of the trust’s execution.

This private agreement is flexible and can be used for various structures and mechanisms to hold property. There are two main purposes we can mention:

Collateral Trust (Garantía Trust or “Comm Garanta”): Used as a form of collateral.
Testamentary Trust: Commonly used in Costa Rica, this type of trust tends to complement rather than replace the provisions of a will or testament.

How Can a Trust Be Used As a Method For Transferring Real Estate Property In Costa Rica?

A trust agreement can be used to buy and sell a property in Costa Rica.  The trustor creates a legal document, specifying the terms and conditions. This document outlines how the real estate property and other assets will be managed and distributed. This involves changing the ownership on the property deed from the grantor’s name to the name of the trust.

The trustee manages the property according to the terms previously stipulated. The trustee could be the grantor, a trusted individual, or a professional fiduciary. It is responsible for maintaining the property, collecting any rental income, paying property taxes, and ensuring the property is used according to the legal stipulations.

The beneficiaries are the individuals or entities that benefit from the trust. They could receive income generated by the property, or the property itself could be used for their benefit. The legal document specifies how and when the beneficiaries receive benefits.

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Distribution of the Property

Upon the grantor’s death (or when the clauses stipulated in the contract are fulfilled) the property is distributed to the beneficiaries according to the specific terms. Property held in trusts bypasses the probate process, allowing for a quicker and more private transfer to beneficiaries.

Trusts can be tailored to meet specific needs and conditions, such as providing for minor children, individuals with special needs, or charitable purposes.

It is important to consult with your lawyer about the specific process of creating a trust for the transfer of real estate property in Costa Rica.

General content provided by Javier Sauma from Sauma Rossi Law. Edited by LX Team.

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